Image transformation for indicia reading

ABSTRACT

Obtaining a good image is important for reading indicia. Often, however, objects are not well aligned with an indicia reader&#39;s digital imager. This misalignment may lead to images in which an indicium may appear distorted due to perspective. This perspective distortion makes indicia reading difficult. In general, perspective distortion of an imaged object may be corrected using knowledge of the true size, shape, and/or orientation of the physical object. The present invention embraces the use of a dimensioning system to obtain the 3D information necessary to provide this knowledge. Then, using this knowledge, to transform a distorted image of an indicium into a corrected image of the indicium without distortion. This corrected image may then be processed to read the undistorted indicium.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to indicia reading and more specifically, to reading an indicium from an image, wherein the indicium appears distorted.

BACKGROUND

Indicia readers (i.e., barcode scanners, barcode readers, etc.) are devices which decode and interpret indicia (i.e., 1D-barcodes, 2D-barcodes, characters, signatures, etc.) that are marked (e.g., printed, labeled, written) on objects to (i) help perform a function (e.g., calculate shipping, calculate cost, etc.) and/or (ii) provide information about the object (e.g., model number, serial number, etc.).

While various types of indicia readers exist, imaging indicia readers are often preferred due to their versatility. These devices may be handheld (e.g., a mobile computing device, a gun-style scanner, etc.) or fixed mounted (e.g., in-counter scanner). Imaging indicia readers use a digital imager, to capture a digital image of one or more indicia. The digital image may then be processed to read (e.g., recognize, decode, scan, etc.) the one or more indicia found in the image.

Obtaining a good image is important for decoding indicia. Often, however, objects are not well aligned with the indicia reader's digital imager. This is especially true for handheld scanners. This misalignment may lead to images in which an indicium (e.g., a barcode) may appear distorted due to perspective (i.e., perspective distortion). This perspective distortion makes indicia reading difficult.

It has been disclosed, that perspective distortion may be removed from two-dimensional (2D) images in order to improve 2D barcode recognition (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,780,084 that is hereby incorporated entirely by reference). The systems and methods disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 7,780,084 rely on knowledge of the 2D barcode (e.g., feature size/shape) to remove distortion. This foreknowledge of an expected size/shape, however, limits the versatility of these systems and methods. A need, therefore, exists for a more versatile system and method to remove distortion from images for indicia reading.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention embraces a method for reading an indicium. In the method, an image of an object is captured using a digital imager, and three-dimensional (3D) information corresponding to the object is obtained using a dimensioning system. An image-region-of-interest (i.e., image-ROI), that contains at least a portion of the object, is then selected in the image. Next, an ideal-region-of-interest (ideal-ROI) is created using the 3D information corresponding to the portion of the object within the image-ROI. The image within the image-ROI is then transformed into a corrected image within the ideal-ROI, and if an indicium can be found in the corrected image, then the indicium is read.

In an exemplary embodiment of the method, if an indicium cannot be found in the corrected image, then a new image-ROI is selected and the method steps of creating an ideal-ROI and transforming the image in the image-ROI into a corrected image in the ideal-ROI repeats. If an indicium is found in the newly correctly image, then the indicium is read. The process continues until an indicium is found or until all portions of the object (that are visible to the digital imager) have been searched.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, if additional indicia are found in the corrected image then the additional indicia are also read.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, selecting an image-ROI in the image includes detecting an indicium in the image and selecting a region in the image that includes just the indicium.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, selecting an image-ROI in the image includes detecting a surface on the object using the 3D information, and then selecting a region of the image that includes just the surface.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, the dimensions of the ideal-ROI correspond to the physical dimensions of the portion of the object that is contained in the image-ROI. These physical dimensions are determined using the 3D information.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, the 3D information corresponding to the portion of the object within the image-ROI includes the physical curvature of the portion of the object that is contained in the image-ROI.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, the 3D information corresponding to the portion of the object within the image-ROI includes the surface-roughness and/or surface-features of the portion of the object that is contained in the image-ROI.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, the 3D information corresponding to the portion of the object within the image-ROI includes the physical position of the portion of the object contained in the image-ROI. This physical position is relative to the digital imager's image sensor.

In another exemplary embodiment of the method, transforming the portion of the image within the image-ROI into a corrected image within the ideal-ROI includes computing a homography between the image-ROI and the ideal-ROI.

In another aspect, the present invention embraces a method for removing perspective distortion from an image using 3D information. In the method, a digital imager is used to capture an image of a scene. In addition, a dimensioning system is used to obtain 3D information corresponding to the scene. An image-ROI is selected in the captured image and 3D information corresponding to the portion of the scene within the image-ROI is used to create an ideal-ROI. The portion of the scene within the image-ROI is then transformed into a corrected image within the ideal-ROI. This transformation removes perspective distortion from the image.

In exemplary embodiment of the method, obtaining 3D information includes identifying objects in the image of the scene. Then, choosing a particular object and classifying the particular object by its shape. Based on the shape, 3D information corresponding to the particular object is obtained. In one possible embodiment, this shape classification is used to create the ideal-ROI. In another possible embodiment, this shape classification is used to select a transformation (from a plurality of possible transformations) for transforming the image into a corrected image.

In another aspect, the present invention embraces an indicia-reading system. The indicia-reading system includes a dimensioning system for gathering 3D information about a scene; a digital imager for capturing an image of the scene; and a processor communicatively coupled to the dimensioning system and the digital imager. The processor is configured by software to correct a distorted indicium and then read the corrected indicium. Specifically, this is accomplished by selecting, within the image, an image-ROI containing a distorted indicium. Then transforming the portion of the image within the image-ROI into a corrected image using the 3D information corresponding to the portion of the scene within the image-ROI. The corrected image contains an undistorted indicium that is then read.

In an exemplary embodiment, the indicia-reading system's dimensioning system includes a pattern projector. The pattern projector is configured to project a transmitted pattern of infrared (IR) light. The dimensioning system also includes a range camera. The range camera is configured to capture images of a reflected pattern of infrared light. The reflected pattern is the pattern formed when the transmitted pattern is reflected back to the range camera from the scene. In one possible embodiment, the pattern projector and the range camera are positioned stereoscopically so that spatial differences between the transmitted pattern and the reflected pattern determine range.

In another exemplary embodiment, the indicia-reading system's digital imager is an imaging indicia reader.

In another exemplary embodiment of the indicia-reading system, the dimensioning system, the digital imager, and the processor are contained in a handheld housing.

In another exemplary embodiment, the indicia-reading system's digital imager is a camera for imaging visible light.

The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other exemplary objectives and/or advantages of the invention, and the manner in which the same are accomplished, are further explained within the following detailed description and its accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 graphically depicts an arrangement of an exemplary digital imager and an exemplary planar object that leads to perspective distortion.

FIG. 2 graphically depicts an arrangement of an exemplary digital imager and an exemplary round object that leads to perspective distortion.

FIG. 3 graphically depicts an exemplary indicia-reading system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 graphically depicts the principle of sensing three dimensions using a stereoscopically arranged pattern projector and range camera according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 depicts a flow diagram illustrating a method for reading an indicium according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 graphically illustrates the transformation of an image with distortion into a corrected image without distortion using 3D information according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 depicts a flow diagram illustrating a method for removing perspective distortion from an image using three-dimensional (3D) information according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 graphically illustrates the acquisition of an image and 3D information using a digital imager and a dimensioning system according to an implementation of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For the accurate reading of an indicium, it is highly desirable that the imaged indicium closely matches the physical indicium. Unfortunately, in some cases, the imaged indicium appears distorted due to the physical relationship between the indicium and the indicia reader's digital imager. The present invention embraces obtaining 3D information to characterize this physical relationship, and then using this 3D information to create an undistorted image of the indicium, which can be read more accurately.

When the indicia reader's optical axis (i.e., the axis normal to the indicia reader's image sensor) is positioned nearly orthogonal to an indicium, the imaged indicium corresponds well with the physical indicium. However, as this perspective is changed the imaged indicium becomes distorted due to perspective (i.e., perspective distortion). FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 illustrate two arrangements that may lead to perspective distortion.

In FIG. 1 (i.e., FIG. 1) a planar object 1 is tilted away from an indicia reader (i.e., scanner) so that the optical axis of the scanner 3 forms an angle the surface of the planar object (i.e., the surface normal 4). Indicia on the surface of this object may appear distorted. Specifically, portions of the indicium closer to the scanner may appear larger and spread apart, while portions of the indicium on the surface further away may appear smaller and close together.

An object's shape may also cause perspective distortion. In FIG. 2, a nonplanar (i.e., round) object 5 is imaged. Here, an indicium on the round surface may be distorted if portions of the indicium are tilted away from the scanner. Distortion may also result from indicia on other irregular shapes, indicia on rough surfaces (e.g., wrinkled or peeling labels), or indicia on surfaces that have surface features (e.g., grooves, bumps, etc.).

To remove perspective distortion, algorithms can transform a distorted image into a corrected image. This transformation may involve creating a target image having a designated size/shape (e.g., a designated aspect ratio). For example in a distorted image, a rectangular barcode may appear non-rectangular. The target image in this case would be a rectangular image that corresponds to the true size/shape of the physical barcode. As mentioned previously, knowledge of the barcode's size/shape may help create the target image. This information, however, is not always known. Instead, the present invention embraces gathering 3D information about an object and/or its physical relationship with the indicia reader in order to provide the necessary information for creating a target image and then mapping pixels from the distorted image into the target image to form a corrected image.

3D information may be acquired using a dimensioning system. A dimensioning system typically senses an object's shape/size in three-dimensions (3D) and then uses this 3D information to compute an estimate of an object's dimensions (e.g., volume, area, length, width, height, etc.). This 3D information may also include the physical position/orientation of the object with respect to the scanner. The 3D information may also help determine the size/shape of a region of interest on an object's surface. For example, a region of interest may include just a particular indicium (or set of indicia) or a region of interest may include an entire side of an object.

One possible sensing technique used by a dimensioning system involves projecting a light pattern (i.e., pattern) into a field-of-view. Objects within the field-of-view will distort the appearance of the light pattern upon reflection. The dimensioning system can capture an image of the reflected light-pattern and analyze the pattern distortions in the captured image to compute the 3D information corresponding to an object (or objects) in the field-of-view (i.e., scene).

An exemplary dimensioning system is shown in FIG. 3. The dimensioning system 10 includes a pattern projector 11 that is configured to project a light (e.g., infrared light) pattern into a field-of-view 12 and onto an object 15. The light pattern typically comprises points of light arranged in a pattern (i.e., point cloud). The points of light may be (i) sized identically or differently and (ii) may be arranged in some order or pseudo-randomly. The pattern projector may create the light pattern using a light source (e.g., laser, LED, etc.), a pattern creator (e.g., a mask, a diffractive optical element, etc.), and one or more lenses.

The dimensioning system 10 also includes a range camera 13 that is configured to capture an image of the projected light pattern, which is reflected from the range camera's field-of-view 14. The field-of-view of the range camera 14 and the field-of-view of the pattern projector 12 should overlap but may not necessarily have identical shapes/sizes. The range camera 13 includes one or more lenses to form a real image of the field-of-view 4 onto an image sensor. Light filtering (e.g., infrared filter) may be also be used to help detect the reflected pattern by removing stray light and/or ambient light. An image sensor (e.g., CMOS sensor, CCD sensor, etc.) is used to create a digital image of the light pattern. The range camera may also include the necessary processing (e.g. DSP, FPGA, ASIC, etc.) to obtain 3D information from the light pattern image.

As shown in FIG. 4, the pattern projector 11 and the range camera 13 may be arranged with a spatially offset (i.e., stereoscopically arranged). The spatial offset 16 allows for changes in the range 18 of an object 15 to be detected as an image offset 17 on the range camera's image sensor. The spatial offset 16 may be adjusted to change the image offset 17 and thereby change the resolution at which range differences 18 may be detected. In this way, image offsets in the point-cloud pattern may be converted into 3D information corresponding to objects within the dimensioning system's field-of-view.

The 3D information may include range values for each point of light in the point-cloud image. Further, range values between the points of light in the point-cloud image may be interpolated to create what is known as a range image. A range image is a gray scale image in which each pixel value in the image corresponds to an estimated range between the dimensioning system and a point in the field-of-view. The range camera may output 3D information in the form of point-cloud images or range images.

A range image may be analyzed using software algorithms running on the dimensioning system's processor 19 to detect objects, determine the physical relationships between objects, and/or determine an object's dimensions. In some cases, these algorithms may include steps to create a minimum bounding box (MVBB), which is a computer model of a box that surrounds an object (e.g., an irregularly shaped object) or a collection of objects (e.g., multiple boxes on a pallet). In this case, the 3D information may include the dimensions of the MVBB, the relative position of the MVBB, and/or the relative orientation of the MVBB. The particular approach to for creating 3D information (e.g., determining the object's dimensions) may involve classifying an object by its shape and then choosing a software algorithm based on this classification.

As shown in FIG. 3, a dimensioning system 10 may be combined with a digital imager 20 (e.g., imaging indicia reader, digital camera, etc.). The digital imager includes an image sensor (e.g., CCD, CMOS, etc.) to convert light levels into electronic signal levels. The digital imager also includes an imaging lens (or lenses), which form an image of the digital imager's field of view (i.e., the scene) 22 on the image sensor. Typically, the digital imager 20 includes a processor to convert the electronic signals from the image sensor into a digital image, though this function may also be handled by the processor 19 of the indicia reading system 21.

The digital imager's field of view 22 overlaps with the dimensioning system's field of view, and it may be advantageous to combine the digital imager 20 and the dimensioning system 10 within a fixed physical relationship (e.g., within a housing) so as to control the position/orientation of each relative to the other. Further, correlating the 3D information with a captured image may become easier as the perspectives of the dimensioning system and the digital imager are aligned.

An indicia-reading system 21 including a dimensioning system 10, a digital imager 20, and a processor 19 is shown in FIG. 3. The indicia-reading system 21 may be handheld and positioned by a user's hand 25 as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In this system, the intrinsic variables affecting the data collection of the dimensioning system and the digital imager (e.g., range camera settings, digital imager settings) may be controlled by the processor 19, while extrinsic variables affecting the data collection (e.g., the positions of the dimensioning system and the digital imager) may be controlled by the housing. It should be noted that the arrangement of the pattern projector, range camera, and digital imager might be different from the particular arrangement illustrated in FIG. 3. For example, the pattern projector 11 and the range camera 13 may be separated by the digital imager 20. This arrangement may be used to increase the spatial offset 16 to improve depth sensing (e.g., accuracy).

An exemplary method for reading an indicium is shown in FIG. 5. An image of an object 30 and 3D information corresponding to the object 35 are acquired using a digital imager and a dimensioning system respectively. Here, the digital imager and the dimensioning system may be combined into an indicia-reading system as described previously and shown in FIG. 3.

An image-region-of-interest (i.e., image-ROI) is selected in the captured image 40. This image-ROI may be obtained in a variety of ways. For example, the image may be processed to detect the presence of an indicium. If an indicium is found, then the region of the image that includes just this indicium may be selected as the image-ROI. In another example, if a surface on an object is detected (e.g., in the image and/or in the 3D information) then the entire surface may be selected as the image-ROI.

The image-ROI may be distorted from its physical (i.e., ideal) shape/size due to a non-ideal arrangement of the object and the digital imager, such as is shown in FIG. 1. Using the image-ROI and the 3D information obtained by the dimensioning system, an ideal-region-of-interest (i.e., ideal-ROI) may be created 45. The ideal-ROI corresponds to the size/shape that the image-ROI would have were it captured using an ideal arrangement of the object and the digital imager. The ideal-ROI defines the size/shape of the target image as mentioned previously.

The target image is initially an empty image (i.e., pixels having zero value) within the ideal-ROI. The image in the image-ROI is transformed into a corrected image in the ideal ROI 50 by mapping pixels in the distorted image to the target image. This mapping may involve creating a functional relationship (e.g., a homography) between the pixels in the distorted image and pixels in the target image. In addition, sometimes interpolation is used to form pixels in the target image where a direct mapping is not available.

This transformation (i.e., warping) is graphically illustrated in FIG. 6. Here an image of a distorted indicium within an image-ROI 51 is shown. The dimensions of the image-ROI represent the length (l′) and width (w′) of the indicium as seen by the digital imager's image sensor. Using the 3D information, the image with the image-ROI may be transformed into a corrected image within an ideal-ROI 52. The ideal-ROI has a length (l) and width (w) that correspond to (but may not exactly equal) the physical length and width of the actual indicium. The orientation of the corrected image is typically the same as the distorted image. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the relative positions of the image-ROI corners (A,B,C,D) typically do not change during the transformation.

Next in the method shown in FIG. 5, the corrected image is searched for an indicium 55. For example, when a side of an object is selected as the image-ROI, without regards for whether or not it contains an indicium, it may not contain an indicium. If an indicium is found, then the indicium is read (i.e., recognized and decoded) 60. If no indicium is found then another portion of the object may be searched. For example, if a first side of an object results in no indicia, then a second side of the object may be selected as the image-ROI. The portion of the image in this second image-ROI may be transformed and searched for an indicium. This process may continue until all sides of the object (within view of the digital imager) have been searched 65 or until an indicium is found 55 and read 60. In some cases, a corrected image may have more than one indicium. In these cases, the additional indicia may also be read 70.

The present invention also embraces a method for removing perspective distortion from an image using 3D information. A flow diagram illustrating this method is shown in FIG. 7. Here an image of a scene (i.e., field of view) is captured using a digital imager 60. In addition, 3D information corresponding to the scene is captured using a dimensioning system 65.

An illustration of the capturing process is shown in FIG. 8. Here, an object 15 is located within a scene. A system that includes a dimensioning system 10 and a digital imager 20 is positioned to acquire images and 3D information from the scene. In an exemplary embodiment, the dimensioning system projects a pattern into a field of view 12,14 that includes the object. The reflected pattern (i.e., shown as a dot pattern) 24 is imaged by the dimensioning system (i.e., the range camera) and processed to obtain 3D information regarding the scene (i.e., including the object 15). The digital imager also acquires an image of a field of view 22 that also includes the object 15.

As shown in FIG. 7, after the 3D information and the image are captured, an image-ROI is selected within the image 70. The image-ROI typically includes any portion of the object that needs to be visualized without distortion. For example, in FIG. 8 a 2D barcode 23 is shown on one side of the object 15. An image-ROI may be selected to include the portion of the image that contains this 2D barcode 23. Alternatively, an image-ROI may be selected to include the entire side of the object with the indicium.

Returning to FIG. 7, 3D information corresponding to the selected image-ROI is then obtained 75 and used to help create an ideal-ROI 80. In one possible embodiment, obtaining the 3D information includes identifying an object in the image of the scene 66 and choosing a particular object 67. This particular object is then classified by its shape (e.g., rectangular, cylindrical, etc.) 68. Classifying the object by its shape may help to determine the 3D information (e.g., dimensions) for the particular object 69 (or portion of an object) since a particular algorithm used to obtain the 3D information may depend on an object's shape.

The 3D information corresponding to the portion of the scene (e.g., object) within the image-ROI may then be used to create an ideal-ROI 80. The image in the image-ROI (i.e., the distorted image) may then be transformed into a corrected image (i.e., undistorted image) in the ideal-ROI 85. In one possible embodiment, the creation of the ideal-ROI and/or the transformation used to remove perspective distortion may depend on an object's shape. For example, a particular transform used to warp an image-ROI may be selected 90 from a plurality of transforms 95 based on the object's shape.

To supplement the present disclosure, this application incorporates entirely by reference the following commonly assigned patents, patent application publications, and patent applications:

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In the specification and/or figures, typical embodiments of the invention have been disclosed. The present invention is not limited to such exemplary embodiments. The use of the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The figures are schematic representations and so are not necessarily drawn to scale. Unless otherwise noted, specific terms have been used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. 

1. A method for reading an indicium, the method comprising: capturing an image of an object using a digital imager; obtaining, using a dimensioning system, three-dimensional (3D) information corresponding to the object; selecting an image-region-of-interest (image-ROI) in the image, the image-ROI containing at least a portion of the object; creating an ideal-region-of-interest (ideal-ROI) using the 3D information corresponding to the portion of the object within the image-ROI; transforming the portion of the image within the image-ROI into a corrected image within the ideal-ROI; searching for an indicium in the corrected image; and if an indicium can be found, then reading the indicium in the corrected image.
 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: if an indicium cannot be found in the corrected image, then repeating the steps of selecting, creating, transforming, and searching until an indicium is found or until all portions of the object that are visible to the digital imager have been searched.
 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising after the step of reading the indicium: if additional indicia are found in the corrected image, then reading the additional indicia.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selecting an image-ROI in the image comprises: detecting an indicium in the image; and selecting a region in the image that includes just the indicium.
 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selecting an image-ROI in the image comprises: detecting a surface on the object using the 3D information; and selecting a region of the image that includes just the surface.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dimensions of the ideal-ROI correspond to the physical dimensions of the portion of object contained in the image-ROI, and wherein the physical dimensions are determined using the 3D information.
 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the 3D information corresponding to the portion of the object within the image-ROI comprises the physical curvature of the portion of the object contained in the image-ROI.
 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the 3D information corresponding to the portion of the object within the image-ROI comprises the surface-roughness and/or surface-features of the portion of the object contained in the image-ROI.
 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the 3D information corresponding to the portion of the object within the image-ROI comprises the physical position of the portion of the object contained in the image-ROI, the physical position being relative to the digital imager's image sensor.
 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein transforming the portion of the image within the image-ROI into a corrected image within the ideal-ROI comprises computing a homography between the image-ROI and the ideal-ROI.
 11. A method for removing perspective distortion from an image using three-dimensional (3D) information, the method comprising: capturing, using a digital imager, an image of a scene; obtaining, using a dimensioning system, 3D information corresponding the scene; selecting an image-region-of-interest (image-ROI) in the image; creating, using the 3D information corresponding to the portion of the scene within the image-ROI, an ideal-region-of-interest (ideal-ROI); and transforming, the image in the image-ROI into a corrected image in the ideal-ROI to remove perspective distortion.
 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the obtaining 3D information comprises: identifying objects in the image of the scene; choosing a particular object; classifying the particular object by its shape; obtaining, based on the particular object's shape, 3D information corresponding to the particular object.
 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein creating an ideal-ROI comprises using the particular-object's shape classification.
 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein transforming the image in the image-ROI into a corrected image in the ideal-ROI to remove perspective distortion, comprises: selecting a transformation from a plurality of transformations, the selection based on the particular-object's shape classification.
 15. An indicia-reading system comprising: a dimensioning system to gather 3D information about a scene; a digital imager to capture an image of the scene; and a processor communicatively coupled to the dimensioning system and the digital imager, the processor configured by software to: select an image-region-of-interest (image-ROI) within the image of the scene, the image-ROI containing a distorted indicium, transform the portion of the image within the image-ROI into a corrected image using 3D information corresponding to the portion of the scene within the image-ROI, the corrected image containing an undistorted indicium, and read the undistorted indicium in the corrected image.
 16. The indicia-reading system according to claim 15, wherein the dimensioning system comprises: a pattern projector configured to project infrared (IR) light in the form of a transmitted pattern, and a range camera configured to capture images of IR light reflected from the scene in the form of a reflected pattern.
 17. The indicia-reading system according to claim 16, wherein the pattern projector and the range camera are positioned stereoscopically so that spatial differences between the transmitted pattern and the reflected pattern determine range.
 18. The indicia-reading system according to claim 15, wherein the digital imager is an imaging indicia reader.
 19. The indicia-reading system according to claim 15, wherein the dimensioning system, the digital imager, and the processor are contained in a handheld housing.
 20. The indicia-reading system according to claim 15, wherein the digital imager is a camera for imaging visible light. 